The historic Portuguese colonial outpost in Mozambique is experiencing significant structural degradation due to climate change and coastal erosion. According to Club of Mozambique, the site, located in Nampula province, is asking the global community for targeted assistance to preserve its infrastructure. Cláudio Zunguene, head of the local conservation body, stated that recurring cyclones and aggressive sea waters are causing visible damage to the protective wall and historic buildings.
The island, which was established by the Portuguese more than 500 years ago, is currently suffering from damp, poor sanitary conditions, and peeling paint. Zunguene noted that the force of the sea is eroding the perimeter barrier, particularly near the fortress and the Garden of Memory. An assessment is being prepared to determine the cost of restoring this wall, which officials describe as essential for protecting the island from encroaching waters. The conservation team currently holds a fund of US$392,000 from the World Monuments Fund, which is being used to rehabilitate the roof of the island hospital and 15 traditional macuti houses.
Residents in the Macuti quarter have expressed satisfaction with the recent restoration work. Tadi Momade, a 61-year-old resident, explained that he has maintained his family’s wattle-and-daub home to preserve its heritage value, stating, "I am their heir and I have maintained the structure." He emphasized that preserving these buildings is crucial for maintaining the island’s cultural identity, which blends African, Arab, Indian, and Portuguese influences.
The district government acknowledges that climate change is impacting the local economy, with at least 15 tourism establishments, including hotels and restaurants, closing due to the deteriorating conditions. Jasmim Raúl Acabar, the district’s permanent secretary, said that substantial investment is needed, not just for the island but also for the mainland. She noted that while funding is a challenge, the government is increasingly seeking partnerships to maintain the site. The island, home to approximately 92,000 inhabitants, relies on community awareness and international attention to secure the resources necessary for its long-term conservation.